Healthier Workforce

Section 125 cafeteria plans: a 2026 update for employers

Section 125 has been on the books since 1978. The mechanics don't change much from year to year, but the categories of qualifying elections do - and the audit posture of the IRS on certain structures has shifted notably since 2023.

By [Operator Name] · Founder and operator, Healthier Workforce Partners
Published February 19, 20267 min read
About Healthier Workforce · Independent affiliate. Not legal or tax advice.

The basics still apply

Section 125 lets employees make pre-tax elections for qualified benefits - health insurance premiums, HSA and FSA contributions, dependent care, and a defined list of others. The election reduces the employee's taxable wage base on both income tax and FICA, with a matching effect on the employer's FICA liability.

What's stable in 2026

  • FSA, dependent-care FSA, HSA, and qualified health insurance premium elections all remain qualified Section 125 elections.
  • Plan documents and nondiscrimination testing requirements are unchanged.
  • SIMERP-based pre-tax contributions remain qualified when structured as employee elections to fund their own self-insured reimbursement plan.

What's shifted

  • IRS scrutiny of fixed-indemnity wellness products run through Section 125 has intensified since the 2023 Chief Counsel Memorandum.
  • Many indemnity vendors have repackaged their products without changing the underlying structure - buyer beware.
  • Audit conversations on Section 125 elections increasingly start with 'is this a reimbursement of an incurred 213(d) expense, or a fixed payment on a trigger?'

What to ask your benefits advisor

Most brokers don't earn revenue on SIMERP-style products. That's a structural reason they may not surface them. It doesn't mean the products are wrong - it means you may need to bring them to your broker rather than the other way around.

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